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History lesson about money
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Pennyworth
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Wall Street and The Rise of Hitler.....
http://reformed-theology.org/html/books ... x.htmlWALL STREET ANDTHE RISE OF HITLER ByAntony C. Sutton TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface Introduction Unexplored Facets of Naziism PART ONE: Wall Street Builds Nazi Industry Chapter One Wall Street Paves the Way for Hitler 1924: The Dawes Plan 1928: The Young Plan B.I.S. — The Apex of Control Building the German Cartels Chapter Two The Empire of I.G. Farben The Economic Power of I.G. Farben Polishing I.G. Farben's Image The American I.G. Farben Chapter Three General Electric Funds Hitler General Electric in Weimar, Germany General Electric & the Financing of Hitler Technical Cooperation with Krupp A.E.G. Avoids the Bombs in World War II Chapter Four Standard Oil Duels World War II Ethyl Lead for the Wehrmacht Standard Oil and Synthetic Rubber The Deutsche-Amerikanische Petroleum A.G. Chapter Five I.T.T. Works Both Sides of the War Baron Kurt von Schröder and I.T.T. Westrick, Texaco, and I.T.T. I.T.T. in Wartime Germany PART TWO: Wall Street and Funds for Hitler Chapter Six Henry Ford and the Nazis Henry Ford: Hitler's First Foreign Banker Henry Ford Receives a Nazi Medal Ford Assists the German War Effort Chapter Seven Who Financed Adolf Hitler? Some Early Hitler Backers Fritz Thyssen and W.A. Harriman Company Financing Hitler in the March 1933 Elections The 1933 Political Contributions Chapter Eight Putzi: Friend of Hitler and Roosevelt Putzi's Role in the Reichstag Fire Roosevelt's New Deal and Hitler's New Order Chapter Nine Wall Street and the Nazi Inner Circle The S.S. Circle of Friends I.G. Farben and the Keppler Circle Wall Street and the S.S. Circle Chapter Ten The Myth of "Sidney Warburg" Who Was "Sidney Warburg"? Synopsis of the Suppressed "Warburg" Book James Paul Warbur's Affidavit Some Conclusions from the "Warburg" Story Chapter Eleven Wall Street-Nazi Collaboration in World War II American I.G. in World War II Were American Industrialists and Financiers Guilty of War Crimes? Chapter Twelve Conclusions The Pervasive Influence of International Bankers Is the United States Ruled by a Dictatorial Elite? The New York Elite as a Subversive Force The Slowly Emerging Revisionist Truth Appendix A Program of the National Socialist GermanWorkers Party Appendix B Affidavit of Hjalmar Schacht Appendix C Entries in the "National Trusteeship" Account Appendix D Letter from the U.S. War Department toEthyl Corporation Appendix E Extract from Morgenthau Diary (Germany) Footnotes Bibliography Index ***** Dedicated to the memory of Floyd Paxton — entrepreneur, inventor, writer, and American, who believed in and worked for individual rights in a free society under the Constitution*****Copyright 2000
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Pennyworth
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Excerpt from above article...
What this revisionist history really teaches us is that our willingness as individual citizens to surrender political power to an elite has cost the world approximately two-hundred-million persons killed from 1820 to 1975. Add to that untold misery the concentration camps, the political prisoners, the suppression and oppression of those who try to bring the truth to light.
When will it all stop? It will not stop until we act upon one simple axiom: that the power system continues only so long as individuals want it to continue, and it will continue only so long as individuals try to get something for nothing. The day when a majority of individuals declares or acts as if it wants nothing from government, declares it will look after its own welfare and interests, then on that day power elites are doomed. The attraction to "go along" with power elites is the attraction of something for nothing. That is the bait. The Establishment always offers something for nothing; but the something is taken from someone else, as taxes or plunder, and awarded elsewhere in exchange for political support.
Periodic crises and wars are used to whip up support for other plunder-reward cycles which in effect tighten the noose around our individual liberties. And of course we have hordes of academic sponges, amoral businessmen, and just plain hangers-on, to act as non-productive recipients for the plunder.
Stop the circle of plunder and immoral reward and elitist structures collapse. But not until a majority finds the moral courage and the internal fortitude to reject the something-for-nothing con game and replace it by voluntary associations, voluntary communes, or local rule and decentralized societies, will the killing and the plunder cease.
Open for discussion:
Is the above a viable answer? We are dependent on our government structure as it is..we are bound by the laws, rules and regulations and monetary system..Congress closed doors on previous American rights such as homesteading over two decades ago..how can we all be self sufficent and self governing without propriety to begin with? Americans aren't getting 40 acres and mule these days...much less 1/2 an acre...
When will it all stop? It will not stop until we act upon one simple axiom: that the power system continues only so long as individuals want it to continue, and it will continue only so long as individuals try to get something for nothing. The day when a majority of individuals declares or acts as if it wants nothing from government, declares it will look after its own welfare and interests, then on that day power elites are doomed. The attraction to "go along" with power elites is the attraction of something for nothing. That is the bait. The Establishment always offers something for nothing; but the something is taken from someone else, as taxes or plunder, and awarded elsewhere in exchange for political support.
Periodic crises and wars are used to whip up support for other plunder-reward cycles which in effect tighten the noose around our individual liberties. And of course we have hordes of academic sponges, amoral businessmen, and just plain hangers-on, to act as non-productive recipients for the plunder.
Stop the circle of plunder and immoral reward and elitist structures collapse. But not until a majority finds the moral courage and the internal fortitude to reject the something-for-nothing con game and replace it by voluntary associations, voluntary communes, or local rule and decentralized societies, will the killing and the plunder cease.
Open for discussion:
Is the above a viable answer? We are dependent on our government structure as it is..we are bound by the laws, rules and regulations and monetary system..Congress closed doors on previous American rights such as homesteading over two decades ago..how can we all be self sufficent and self governing without propriety to begin with? Americans aren't getting 40 acres and mule these days...much less 1/2 an acre...
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Pennyworth
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- Joined: Mon Oct 21, 2019 8:23 pm
stock market crash...
from The Independent & The Independent on Sunday 28 February 2007 Dow in biggest crash since 9/11 as Chinese stocks plunge World markets fall. Fears grow on US economy. Iran tension stokes concern By Rupert Cornwell in Washington and Andrew Dewson Published: 28 February 2007 The Dow Jones dived more than 3 per cent yesterday in the worst day for American stocks since the terror attacks of September 2001, as a 9 per cent plunge in China's main equity index sent shockwaves through world markets. Growing tensions over Iran's nuclear programme and the possible assassination attempt in Afghanistan against Vice-President Dick Cheney, plus worries that the US economy could stall before the end of year, sent investors scrambling for safe havens such as US Treasury bonds.In an extraordinary hour of mid-afternoon trading, New York's index lost some 300 points, as investors also digested news of a steep fall in orders for US durable goods last month and further slides in house prices. Traders said part of the steep fall - the biggest since 17 September 2001, when markets reopened after the attacks that destroyed New York's World Trade Centre - could have been triggered by computerised trades. In closing trading, the blue-chip Dow recovered part of the fall to end down 415 points, or 3.3 per cent, at 12,217.In London, the FTSE 100 closed 149 points lower at 6,286, while the mid-cap FTSE 250 recorded its largest one-day fall ever, closing down 432 points at 11,180. The 2 per cent fall in the FTSE 100, which wiped £36bn off the UK's blue chips, was mirrored by 3 per cent declines in Germany's DAX and France's CAC 40. The yield on the 10-year US T-bond, which moves inversely to the price, fell as low as 4.579 per cent. The Japanese yen jumped more than 1.5 per cent against the dollar.Albert Edwards, a global strategist at Dresdner Kleinwort, said the falls were a result of global appetite for risk being at such an extreme level, and that yesterday's sell-offs may result in further weakness in Western markets."This may turn out to be the start of the long-awaited repeat of last year's May and June 'risk' shakeout," he said. "Certainly most commentators, even if they are bullish, are awaiting a 10 per cent retracement of the main US equity indices."The dive in China's benchmark Shanghai Composite - the worst since the death of Deng Xiaoping in 1997 - came a day after the index hit a record 3,040.60.Many traders had expected a correction in Chinese stocks as valuations have become stretched after recent gains that saw the Shanghai Composite climb more than 14 per cent this month alone. The Chinese market rose more than 130 per cent last year.Yesterday's falls were partly fuelled by speculation that the Chinese government will dampen speculative investment and cool economic growth by introducing stricter stock ownership controls and raising local interest rates.However, Martin Slaney, head of spread betting at GFT Global Markets, believes that the sell-off is a "short-term knee-jerk reaction" to market rumours and that a longer correction is unlikely to develop."Global stock market moves such as this are a sign of the times; China's ever-increasing influence on the world economy has forced traders to pay more attention to moves like this," he said.Elsewhere across Asia, Indian stocks were sold heavily and the Japanese Nikkei index fell 95 points after having closed at a seven-year high on Monday.The ripple effect across all markets reminded some analysts of the dramatic retreat in global markets in May 2006."There's near-term vulnerability à la May 2006 because of the sheer amount of risk that is on board across the world," said Jim O'Neill, chief global economist at Goldman Sachs. And Chris Low, an economist at the financial services firm FTN Financial, in New York, said: "What is striking to us is not the big move in Chinese stocks, but the contagion driving stocks down around the world."For the past couple of years, contagion was a thing of the past. Several emerging markets sold off hard last year after Japan started to raise rates, for instance, purportedly due to the unwinding of the carry trade."Still, a synchronous drop in equities worldwide is noteworthy, especially since we have escaped this sort of thing for so long ... this looks to be one more sign that the global liquidity glut is drying up."Graham Neale, head of equities at the stockbroker Killik & Co, said: "Any major issues in China will have far greater impact on global markets than they might have done five years ago. The Chinese growth story is vitally important to Western [sectors], including mining and oil, and the slightest hint of a slowdown is a catalyst for selling."South African tax threat to minersSouth Africa threatened yesterday to impose a windfall profits tax on natural resources companies, further undermining mining stocks already in freefall as a result of fears of a slowdown in China.A South African government commission recommended that miners' "excessive profits" should be taxed. It proposed that the extra taxes kick in once prices go above a pre-defined trigger price for each commodity.But government spokesmen pointed out that the report merely offered recommendations and it would not necessarily be implemented.The mining analyst Leon Esterhuizen, of Investec Securities, said: "It doesn't make sense for the government to say that it wants to encourage investment in the mining sector and on the other hand be contemplating a windfall tax."Gold is in rapid decline, and even though platinum is growing, junior black mining companies in that sector would just get killed. I don't see this [tax] taking effect."Mining analysts pointed out that, as the industry's stocks had been hit whether or not the individual companies had South African interests, "it is more China than South Africa" hitting mining shares.Outlook: The wind of Chinese turbulence may yet blow © 2007 Independent News and Media Limited
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Pennyworth
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Worldwide sell-off hits Wall Street........
Worldwide sell-off hits Wall Street
U.S. stocks post worst drop in four years after Chinese shares tumble.
By Tom Petruno and Walter Hamilton, Times Staff Writers
February 28, 2007
A sell-off that began in Chinese shares — on rumors of government moves to curb that highflying market — spread to Europe and the Americas and left Wall Street with its worst one-day drop in nearly four years.
The Dow Jones industrial average ended down 416.02 points, or 3.3%, at 12,216.24, wiping out its last three months of gains.
In one measure of the day's drama, the blue-chip Dow appeared to plummet almost 200 points in an instant near the end of the trading session. The suddenness of the drop was later attributed to a computer glitch.
Glitch or not, there was no question that many investors were bailing out. Within the Standard & Poor's index of 500 major stocks, only two issues rose for the day.
The markets' tumult was a reminder of how quickly money can move around the globe.
Yet by the close of trading today in China, some investors already had returned to its battered market. Shanghai's main stock index rebounded 3.9% after Tuesday's 8.8% dive, the biggest one-day drop in a decade.
Now the issue is whether the selling will quickly abate in other markets. A sustained slide would raise the question of whether the widespread investor enthusiasm that has underpinned the world economy and financial markets for four years was rapidly ebbing.
Investors' optimism has been evident in their willingness to pump huge sums into what have long been considered high-risk markets: for example, Chinese stocks, commodities like copper, and bonds backed by so-called sub-prime mortgages made to U.S. home buyers with poor credit histories.
Many such high-risk investments sank the fastest Tuesday. In the case of sub-prime mortgages, that market has been unraveling for months as a growing number of homeowners have defaulted on their loans.
Investors' sudden losses in those markets are "a reminder to people about risk, and it's a good reminder," said James Glassman, an economist at JPMorgan Securities in New York.
That was one prevalent view Tuesday on Wall Street. The other was that markets were primed for a sharp decline simply because they have gone so long without one — leaving many investors with trigger fingers, eager to take some of their profits.
A pullback in stocks "has been long overdue," said Larry Adam, investment strategist at brokerage Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown in Baltimore.
Despite the severity of the selling Tuesday, the percentage declines in the major U.S. stock indexes didn't come close to their historical record losses.
The market crash of Oct. 19, 1987, for example, saw the Dow crumble 22.6% in one session.
The index fell 7.1% on Sept. 17, 2001, the first trading day after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
With the Dow at a much higher level now, "Not to make light of 400 or 500 points, but this is a natural market correction," said Robert W. Bissell, president of Wells Capital Management in Los Angeles.
Global stock markets also suffered a sharp setback from mid-May to mid-June. Since then they've been on fire again as money has poured back in.
The Dow rose seven straight months through January, its longest winning streak since 1995.
The 30-stock Dow on Oct. 3 finally surpassed its peak of 11,722.98 reached in January 2000, and followed that with a succession of new highs.
U.S. stocks post worst drop in four years after Chinese shares tumble.
By Tom Petruno and Walter Hamilton, Times Staff Writers
February 28, 2007
A sell-off that began in Chinese shares — on rumors of government moves to curb that highflying market — spread to Europe and the Americas and left Wall Street with its worst one-day drop in nearly four years.
The Dow Jones industrial average ended down 416.02 points, or 3.3%, at 12,216.24, wiping out its last three months of gains.
In one measure of the day's drama, the blue-chip Dow appeared to plummet almost 200 points in an instant near the end of the trading session. The suddenness of the drop was later attributed to a computer glitch.
Glitch or not, there was no question that many investors were bailing out. Within the Standard & Poor's index of 500 major stocks, only two issues rose for the day.
The markets' tumult was a reminder of how quickly money can move around the globe.
Yet by the close of trading today in China, some investors already had returned to its battered market. Shanghai's main stock index rebounded 3.9% after Tuesday's 8.8% dive, the biggest one-day drop in a decade.
Now the issue is whether the selling will quickly abate in other markets. A sustained slide would raise the question of whether the widespread investor enthusiasm that has underpinned the world economy and financial markets for four years was rapidly ebbing.
Investors' optimism has been evident in their willingness to pump huge sums into what have long been considered high-risk markets: for example, Chinese stocks, commodities like copper, and bonds backed by so-called sub-prime mortgages made to U.S. home buyers with poor credit histories.
Many such high-risk investments sank the fastest Tuesday. In the case of sub-prime mortgages, that market has been unraveling for months as a growing number of homeowners have defaulted on their loans.
Investors' sudden losses in those markets are "a reminder to people about risk, and it's a good reminder," said James Glassman, an economist at JPMorgan Securities in New York.
That was one prevalent view Tuesday on Wall Street. The other was that markets were primed for a sharp decline simply because they have gone so long without one — leaving many investors with trigger fingers, eager to take some of their profits.
A pullback in stocks "has been long overdue," said Larry Adam, investment strategist at brokerage Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown in Baltimore.
Despite the severity of the selling Tuesday, the percentage declines in the major U.S. stock indexes didn't come close to their historical record losses.
The market crash of Oct. 19, 1987, for example, saw the Dow crumble 22.6% in one session.
The index fell 7.1% on Sept. 17, 2001, the first trading day after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
With the Dow at a much higher level now, "Not to make light of 400 or 500 points, but this is a natural market correction," said Robert W. Bissell, president of Wells Capital Management in Los Angeles.
Global stock markets also suffered a sharp setback from mid-May to mid-June. Since then they've been on fire again as money has poured back in.
The Dow rose seven straight months through January, its longest winning streak since 1995.
The 30-stock Dow on Oct. 3 finally surpassed its peak of 11,722.98 reached in January 2000, and followed that with a succession of new highs.
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Pennyworth
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Last Updated: February 28, 2007
Worldwide sell-off hits Wall Street
U.S. stocks post worst drop in four years after Chinese shares tumble.
By Tom Petruno and Walter Hamilton Times Staff Writers
Share prices also powered to record highs in many foreign markets, including China. Through Monday, the Shanghai market index had rocketed 77% in five months. The Mexican stock market surged almost 30% in the same period.
Underlying investors' hunger for stocks was faith that the global economic expansion would continue, and with it that corporate earnings would continue to rise, analysts say.
The Federal Reserve helped to stoke that sentiment when it stopped raising short-term interest rates last August after lifting them for two years.
In the U.S., Wall Street had shown enormous faith that the Fed's credit-tightening campaign had engineered an economic "soft landing" — a slowdown this year that would restrain inflation and set up the economy for strong growth in 2008 and beyond.
But that faith has been shaken in recent days. One rising concern is that the troubles in the sub-prime mortgage market could deepen the housing market's woes and in turn pull the broader economy down.
Some investors also were taken aback after former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan said in a speech Monday that the U.S. economy could tip into recession late this year.
On Tuesday morning the government said that orders for big-ticket factory goods tumbled 7.8% in January, suggesting a reluctance by businesses to spend money on expansion.
China had already set the downbeat mood by the time U.S. markets opened. The spillover from its market plunge was another reminder of how important the nation's economy and markets have become to the world.
After China's market sank, European stocks also dived. When U.S. trading opened the Dow quickly tumbled 142 points. It drifted steadily lower until late afternoon, when it suddenly spiraled downward.
At one point the Dow was off nearly 550 points before rebounding somewhat.
Some of the late sell-off was blamed on confusion after an apparent computer system error at Dow Jones & Co., the keeper of the Dow average, made it seem as if a nearly 200-point drop had happened almost instantaneously.
The New York Stock Exchange said its systems then were taxed by capacity issues as sell orders flowed in. Investors didn't appear to discriminate, dumping smaller stocks as well as shares of big-name companies.
The selling wave Tuesday raised fresh concerns about the rapid-fire trading strategies employed by many hedge funds, private investment pools that have exploded in popularity with well-heeled investors over the last decade.
"You have huge amounts of money sitting in hedge funds," Bissell said. "Their holding period is measured in days, not years."
John Buckingham, a Laguna Beach-based mutual fund manager, noted that the idea of a "global capital glut" — markets awash in money from investors seeking high returns — has been the basic explanation for stocks' continued gains.
But that glut also poses the danger of rapid market reversals, Buckingham noted.
"There's so much money out there, when it sloshes from one side of the tank to the other it can have a tremendous effect," he said.
Yet many experts say that if the U.S. economy is on track for a soft landing, it may not take long for hedge funds and other investors to come back to the stock market.
Likewise, analysts note that the robust corporate takeover activity that has helped lift share prices over the last year may ramp up further if stocks pull back, giving potential acquirers cheaper prices.
On Sunday, Texas utility company TXU Corp. agreed to a $32-billion takeover by private investment groups, the largest such buyout in history.
« Previous Page 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Next Page »
Worldwide sell-off hits Wall Street
U.S. stocks post worst drop in four years after Chinese shares tumble.
By Tom Petruno and Walter Hamilton Times Staff Writers
Share prices also powered to record highs in many foreign markets, including China. Through Monday, the Shanghai market index had rocketed 77% in five months. The Mexican stock market surged almost 30% in the same period.
Underlying investors' hunger for stocks was faith that the global economic expansion would continue, and with it that corporate earnings would continue to rise, analysts say.
The Federal Reserve helped to stoke that sentiment when it stopped raising short-term interest rates last August after lifting them for two years.
In the U.S., Wall Street had shown enormous faith that the Fed's credit-tightening campaign had engineered an economic "soft landing" — a slowdown this year that would restrain inflation and set up the economy for strong growth in 2008 and beyond.
But that faith has been shaken in recent days. One rising concern is that the troubles in the sub-prime mortgage market could deepen the housing market's woes and in turn pull the broader economy down.
Some investors also were taken aback after former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan said in a speech Monday that the U.S. economy could tip into recession late this year.
On Tuesday morning the government said that orders for big-ticket factory goods tumbled 7.8% in January, suggesting a reluctance by businesses to spend money on expansion.
China had already set the downbeat mood by the time U.S. markets opened. The spillover from its market plunge was another reminder of how important the nation's economy and markets have become to the world.
After China's market sank, European stocks also dived. When U.S. trading opened the Dow quickly tumbled 142 points. It drifted steadily lower until late afternoon, when it suddenly spiraled downward.
At one point the Dow was off nearly 550 points before rebounding somewhat.
Some of the late sell-off was blamed on confusion after an apparent computer system error at Dow Jones & Co., the keeper of the Dow average, made it seem as if a nearly 200-point drop had happened almost instantaneously.
The New York Stock Exchange said its systems then were taxed by capacity issues as sell orders flowed in. Investors didn't appear to discriminate, dumping smaller stocks as well as shares of big-name companies.
The selling wave Tuesday raised fresh concerns about the rapid-fire trading strategies employed by many hedge funds, private investment pools that have exploded in popularity with well-heeled investors over the last decade.
"You have huge amounts of money sitting in hedge funds," Bissell said. "Their holding period is measured in days, not years."
John Buckingham, a Laguna Beach-based mutual fund manager, noted that the idea of a "global capital glut" — markets awash in money from investors seeking high returns — has been the basic explanation for stocks' continued gains.
But that glut also poses the danger of rapid market reversals, Buckingham noted.
"There's so much money out there, when it sloshes from one side of the tank to the other it can have a tremendous effect," he said.
Yet many experts say that if the U.S. economy is on track for a soft landing, it may not take long for hedge funds and other investors to come back to the stock market.
Likewise, analysts note that the robust corporate takeover activity that has helped lift share prices over the last year may ramp up further if stocks pull back, giving potential acquirers cheaper prices.
On Sunday, Texas utility company TXU Corp. agreed to a $32-billion takeover by private investment groups, the largest such buyout in history.
« Previous Page 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Next Page »
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Pennyworth
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Pennyworth
- Posts: 2931
- Joined: Mon Oct 21, 2019 8:23 pm
Re: William Coulthard
Dan wrote:I found some articles from 2000 that claim the FBI was gathering additional evidence in the William Coulthard homicide, and the case was picking up again after being cold for 27 years. For some reason that investigation has faded away - probably because Ted Binion is at room temperature.By the way, it wasn't me who made a statement about the Files case - I only commented on the Columbia quote.Spelling and grammar! Nobody is worse than me - not even ole 43 himself.Strateegery!
Hi Dan welcome aboard show us some more
Hi Dan welcome aboard show us some more
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Pennyworth
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Princes Di Death Inquiry...
Al Fayed wins battle in Princess Di case
TARIQ PANJA
Associated Press
LONDON - A jury will deliver the verdict in the inquest into the deaths of Princess Diana and her boyfriend, a three-judge panel ruled Friday, accepting the argument that the coroner erred in trying to decide the case on her own.
The decision is a victory for Mohamed al Fayed, father of Diana's boyfriend Dodi Fayed and the owner of Harrods, who has long alleged a conspiracy was behind the deaths of the couple in the August 1997 car crash, which occurred as they were pursued by paparazzi.
"Now that the coroner is compelled to have a jury ... it will become clear beyond doubt that murder was committed," said al Fayed, who has claimed rumors of an impending marriage between Diana and his Muslim son infuriated the royal family.
The judges at London's High Court said jurors had to take part in the case because the circumstances surrounding the deaths could happen again. The court cited recent media intrusions suffered by Prince William's girlfriend and other celebrities as proof that photographers still pursue public figures - often using motorcycles and other vehicles.
"It is likely that there will be a recurrence of the type of event in which the paparazzi on wheels pursued the Princess and Dodi al Fayed," they wrote.
The coroner, Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, a retired judge who remains in charge of the case, had earlier said there was no need for a jury. Citing the volume and complexity of the evidence, she had ruled that she alone could best handle the case.
Al Fayed challenged her decision, arguing that a jury verdict was critical to providing an unbiased perspective.
He has contended that Queen Elizabeth II's husband, Prince Philip, was behind the couple's deaths, and that it was carried out by British secret services. Philip has never commented on the allegations.
Judges noted the allegations and said it was another reason for a jury to be called.
"A jury should be summoned in cases where the state, by its agents, may have had some responsibility for the death," the panel wrote.
Minutes after the announcement, al Fayed emerged in front of the High Court's neo-Gothic entrance and once again blamed Philip for the deaths.
"Diana was the people's princess," he said. "The people must be allowed to hear all the evidence and then, and only then, decide how she died, why she died and who ordered her murder."
A French investigation ruled that the pair's chauffeur, Henri Paul, was drunk and in his efforts to evade photographers, lost control of their car, which careened into a column in a tunnel.
The inquests could begin only after the investigations into the deaths were complete. A two-year French investigation, a three-year Metropolitan Police inquiry in Britain and repeated legal action by al Fayed have delayed the inquest by nearly 10 years.
As with other cases, jurors will be drawn randomly via the electoral rolls from the community where the court is located. It is not yet clear where the inquest, which is expected to start in May will be held.
TARIQ PANJA
Associated Press
LONDON - A jury will deliver the verdict in the inquest into the deaths of Princess Diana and her boyfriend, a three-judge panel ruled Friday, accepting the argument that the coroner erred in trying to decide the case on her own.
The decision is a victory for Mohamed al Fayed, father of Diana's boyfriend Dodi Fayed and the owner of Harrods, who has long alleged a conspiracy was behind the deaths of the couple in the August 1997 car crash, which occurred as they were pursued by paparazzi.
"Now that the coroner is compelled to have a jury ... it will become clear beyond doubt that murder was committed," said al Fayed, who has claimed rumors of an impending marriage between Diana and his Muslim son infuriated the royal family.
The judges at London's High Court said jurors had to take part in the case because the circumstances surrounding the deaths could happen again. The court cited recent media intrusions suffered by Prince William's girlfriend and other celebrities as proof that photographers still pursue public figures - often using motorcycles and other vehicles.
"It is likely that there will be a recurrence of the type of event in which the paparazzi on wheels pursued the Princess and Dodi al Fayed," they wrote.
The coroner, Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, a retired judge who remains in charge of the case, had earlier said there was no need for a jury. Citing the volume and complexity of the evidence, she had ruled that she alone could best handle the case.
Al Fayed challenged her decision, arguing that a jury verdict was critical to providing an unbiased perspective.
He has contended that Queen Elizabeth II's husband, Prince Philip, was behind the couple's deaths, and that it was carried out by British secret services. Philip has never commented on the allegations.
Judges noted the allegations and said it was another reason for a jury to be called.
"A jury should be summoned in cases where the state, by its agents, may have had some responsibility for the death," the panel wrote.
Minutes after the announcement, al Fayed emerged in front of the High Court's neo-Gothic entrance and once again blamed Philip for the deaths.
"Diana was the people's princess," he said. "The people must be allowed to hear all the evidence and then, and only then, decide how she died, why she died and who ordered her murder."
A French investigation ruled that the pair's chauffeur, Henri Paul, was drunk and in his efforts to evade photographers, lost control of their car, which careened into a column in a tunnel.
The inquests could begin only after the investigations into the deaths were complete. A two-year French investigation, a three-year Metropolitan Police inquiry in Britain and repeated legal action by al Fayed have delayed the inquest by nearly 10 years.
As with other cases, jurors will be drawn randomly via the electoral rolls from the community where the court is located. It is not yet clear where the inquest, which is expected to start in May will be held.
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Pennyworth
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